If you're undergoing radiation therapy, it's natural to wonder: Can I expose my family and loved ones to radiation? Should I avoid close contact with them? Here's a detailed and accurate answer.

Does Radiation Therapy Pose a Risk to Others?

The short answer is: In most cases, no. Radiation therapy generally does not pose a risk to those around you, except in specific situations depending on the type of radiation treatment. Let’s break it down: (1)(2)

1. External Beam Radiation Therapy

This type of radiation is delivered from a machine outside the body, targeting the tumor or affected area. Since there is no radioactive material inside the body, you are not radioactive and pose no risk to those around you. You can safely hug your children and be with your family without concerns.

2. Internal Radiation Therapy (Brachytherapy)

This method involves placing a small radioactive source inside the body, either temporarily or permanently, near or within the tumor.

• If temporary:
  
  • Precautions are only needed only while it remains in your body.
  • Once removed, no radiation remains, and you can interact freely with others.

• If permanent:
  
  • The implanted material may emit very low levels of radiation for a short period (The exposure is minimal and does not travel far from the body).
  • Doctors may advise limiting close contact (such as hugging and prolonged physical proximity) with children and pregnant women for a few weeks or months, depending on the type of implant.

          Notes:

• Casual interaction with adults is usually safe.
• Bodily fluids like sweat, urine, and saliva are safe, so no special precautions are needed in this regard.

3. Radioactive Iodine Therapy

Unlike brachytherapy, radioactive iodine spreads throughout the body via the bloodstream, emitting radiation from within.

Hospital Stay:

• Patients often stay in a specialized isolation room for a day or two until radiation levels drop to a safer range.
• Healthcare staff wear protective gear while administering the treatment.

Precautions After Discharge:
Upon returning home, patients may need to take certain precautions for a few days, such as:

• Keeping a 2-meter distance from others, especially children and pregnant women.
• Limiting close physical contact (e.g., prolonged sitting together, hugging).
• Being mindful of bodily fluids this includes:
  
  • Avoiding shared utensils and towels.
  • Not kissing others.
  • Using the toilet while sitting to prevent splashing and flushing twice.
  • Washing hands thoroughly after using the restroom.
• Sleeping in a separate room for a few days.
• Following specific medical guidelines tailored to your treatment dosage.

What Are the Possible Side Effects of Radiation Therapy?

Radiation therapy can cause side effects, but don’t worry—many of them are manageable, preventable, or temporary. Most side effects fade gradually after treatment ends.

The severity of side effects depends on factors such as the radiation dose, treatment area, and overall health. However, everyone’s experience is different—some people have few or no side effects, while others may experience some discomfort.

The most important step is communicating with your doctor about any symptoms you experience, as there are always ways to manage them.(3)(4)

Common Side Effects: General fatigue and tiredness, Skin irritation in the treated region

Side Effects by Treatment Area:

• Head & Neck Radiation: Dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, thick saliva, throat irritation, changes in taste, nausea, mouth sores, increased risk of tooth decay.
• Chest Radiation: Difficulty swallowing, coughing, shortness of breath.
• Abdominal Radiation: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
• Pelvic Radiation: Diarrhea, bladder irritation, frequent urination, possible sexual side effects.

Does Radiation Therapy Increase Cancer Risk?

According to research, radiation therapy rarely causes secondary cancers. In very rare cases, a new cancer may develop years or even decades after treatment, and it would be different from the original cancer.

However, advancements in radiation therapy have significantly reduced radiation exposure to healthy tissues, lowering this risk even further. (5)

At Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, one of the top hospitals in Riyadh and the region, we provide specialized consultations for radiation therapy and cancer care. Book an appointment today and ensure you receive the best medical guidance.

References

1. Cancer.org - Radiation Safety
2. Cleveland Clinic - Can Your Cancer Treatment Be Hazardous to Others?
3. Mayo Clinic - Radiation Therapy: About
4. NHS UK - Side Effects of Radiotherapy