What Is Considered a Fever?

Fever is defined as a body temperature that exceeds the normal limit. A child is considered to have a fever if their temperature reaches or exceeds the following levels: (1)

• Rectal or ear measurement: 38°C
• Oral measurement: 37.8°C
• Armpit measurement: 37.2°C (less accurate).

Fever is a natural sign that the body is fighting an infection. However, knowing when to seek medical attention is crucial to avoid potential health complications.

What Causes Fever?

Infections:

• Viral infections such as colds, flu, and enteroviruses.
• Bacterial infections such as strep throat or urinary tract infections.

Vaccinations:

• It is normal for a child to experience a mild short-lived fever after certain vaccinations.

Serious Conditions:

• Meningitis.
• Pneumonia or blood infections.

Non-Infectious Causes:

• Chronic inflammatory diseases like lupus.
• Heatstroke or heat exhaustion. (2)

When to Consult a Doctor if Your Child Has a Fever?

It is advisable to contact a doctor in any of the following situations: (1)

• For infants under 3 months old:  A rectal temperature of 38°C or higher.

• For children 3 months or older:  The temperature is 39°C or higher.

• Signs of dehydration: Reduced urination, no tears when crying, decreased activity or alertness, and sunken soft spot on the head (in infants).

• Serious symptoms requiring immediate attention:
  • Bluish lips, tongue, or nails, or unusually cold hands and feet.
  • Seizures (convulsions).
  • Stiff neck (could indicate meningitis).

• Symptoms that require evaluation:
  • Persistent diarrhea or vomiting.
  • Severe sore throat.
  • Severe ear pain.
  • Development of a rash.
  • Pain while urinating (may indicate a urinary tract infection).

• Fever that persists despite using antipyretics.

• Persistent fever over 2–3 days, especially with no improvement or worsening symptoms.

• Concerning Behavioral Signs: Continuous crying, extreme irritability, unusual lethargy and difficulty waking up, refusal to eat or drink, and any unusual or concerning behavior.

• If the child has a compromised immune system: Conditions such as cancer, sickle cell anemia, or any illness that weakens the immune system.

Do not hesitate to consult a doctor if you are uncertain or concerned about the severity of your child’s symptoms. A medical evaluation ensures their safety and well-being. (1) visit our Pediatrics Department, staffed with highly trained professionals, and all the necessary facilities, to provide your child with exceptional care.

How to Accurately Measure Temperature?

The best method for measuring a child's temperature depends on their age and health condition: (3)

• Infants and young children: Rectal measurement is the most accurate, other methods may also be used but are less reliable.
• Children aged 4 years and older: Oral measurement is preferred, but avoid measuring immediately after consuming hot or cold drinks. Other methods can be used but are less accurate than oral or rectal readings.

Note: Ear thermometers can be used for children aged 6 months and older. However, for children under 6 months, ear temperature measurement is inaccurate and not recommended.

Managing Fever at Home

• Monitor Temperature Regularly: Use the most appropriate method to check your child’s temperature.
• Use antipyretics: You can give paracetamol (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen based on your doctor’s recommendations and your child’s age.
• Ensure Rest: Provide your child with plenty of rest and relaxation.
• Keep Child Hydrated: Encourage frequent fluid intake. For infants, increase breastfeeding or formula feeding.
• Avoid Harmful Traditional Methods: Do not use alcohol or excessively cold compresses, as these may harm your child instead of helping. (1)

References 

1. UpToDate - Patient education: Fever in children (Beyond the Basics) - UpToDate
2. MSD Manual - Fever in Infants and Children - Children's Health Issues - MSD Manual Consumer Version
3. Nemours KidsHealth - Taking Your Child's Temperature (for Parents)