Food poisoning is an illness caused by harmful germs, bacteria, viruses, or parasites in contaminated food or drinks. It mainly results in digestive symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and sometimes fever.

Is Food Poisoning Serious?

Food poisoning is usually mild and resolves on its own within a few days without the need for medical treatment. However, certain individuals are at a higher risk of developing severe complications and may require urgent medical attention, such as: (1)

• People with weakened immune systems.
• Young children.
• Elderly individuals.

Additionally, some types of foodborne pathogens, such as some strains of E. coli and Salmonella, can cause severe illness even in healthy adults, making caution and medical follow-up essential.

Symptoms of Food Poisoning

Symptoms usually appear within hours to days after consuming contaminated food and are generally not severe, resolving within about a week. Common symptoms include: (2)

• Nausea.
• Vomiting.
• Diarrhea.
• Stomach pain and cramps.
• Fever of 38°C or higher.
• General weakness.
• Body aches, chills, and shivering.

Experiencing Severe Symptoms?

Contact the Emergency Department immediately for urgent cases. For less severe symptoms, visit our Gastroenterology Department for accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment. Book your appointment today!

Symptoms Based on the Cause

The onset and nature of symptoms vary depending on the type of bacteria or germ responsible. Here is a summary of common causes, symptoms, and associated foods: (3)

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention in the following situations: (4)

• Weakened immune system or chronic illnesses like diabetes.
• Severe or persistent symptoms.
• Pregnancy.
• Symptoms lasting several days without improvement.
• Severe vomiting.
• Signs of dehydration, such as confusion, rapid heartbeat, sunken eyes, or decreased urination.
• Elderly individuals or young children.

Treatment for Food Poisoning

Most cases of food poisoning resolve on their own without specific treatment. You can alleviate symptoms with home remedies and simple care measures: (4)

1. Rest: Take a break from work or school until symptoms subside.
2. Hydration: Drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration.
3. Eating Light: Avoid food until you feel ready to eat, start with small portions of bland foods like toast, rice, or bananas.
4. Avoid Certain Foods: Steer clear of caffeine, carbonated drinks, and spicy or fatty foods, as they can worsen symptoms.

If symptoms do not improve with home remedies or are severe, consult a doctor for appropriate treatment. Medical treatment may include: (5)

• Intravenous fluids to rehydrate.
• Antibiotics for bacterial infections.
• Antiparasitic medications.
• Probiotics to restore gut balance.
• Anti-diarrheal medications.

References

1. Mayo Clinic - Food poisoning
2. NHS- Food poisoning
3. CDC- Symptoms of Food Poisoning | Food Safety
4. NHS inform - Food poisoning‍
5. Mayo clinic - Food poisoning