What is a Mammogram?

A mammogram (breast X-ray) is a specialized imaging test used for the early detection of breast cancer or any abnormal changes in breast tissue. (1)

Mammograms are considered the most effective screening tool for detecting breast cancer at an early stage. Regular screenings can identify cancer before symptoms appear—sometimes 2 to 3 years before a lump can be felt. Early detection significantly increases the chances of successful treatment and survival, with survival rates reaching up to 99% when cancer is detected in its earliest stage and remains confined to the breast. (1)(5)

When is a Mammogram Recommended?

Mammograms are performed both as a routine screening for early detection and as a diagnostic tool when symptoms or concerns arise: (2)

• Routine screening for all women aged 40 and above, even if they have no symptoms
• Screening for women under 40 who are at higher risk, such as those with a strong family history of breast cancer
• Evaluating symptoms that may indicate breast cancer, such as
  
  • A new lump or mass in the breast.
  • Persistent breast pain.
  • Changes in skin texture around the breast.
  • Thickening or retraction of the nipple.
  • Unusual nipple discharge outside of normal lactation periods.

How Often to Get a Mammogram?

Guidelines for mammogram frequency may vary slightly among health organizations, but general recommendations are as follows: (2)

• Women aged 40-54: Once a year
• Women aged 55 and older: Every two years

For women over 74, the decision to continue screening should be made in consultation with a doctor, taking overall health and individual risk factors into account.

Best Time to Schedule a Mammogram

A mammogram can be done at any time, but it’s best to avoid the week before and during your menstrual period since breasts tend to be more tender, which can make the procedure less comfortable. For a more comfortable experience, consider scheduling your mammogram one to two weeks after the start of your period. (1)

Preparing for a Mammogram

Before your mammogram, let your doctor know if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have breast implants. To ensure accurate results and a smooth experience, consider the following preparation tips: (3)

• You can eat and drink as usual without any restrictions.
• Don’t apply any product to your chest and underarms, such as deodorant, creams, or powders, as they may interfere with the test results.
• Wear comfortable clothing that is easy to remove from the upper body; will need to undress from the waist up and wear a medical gown.
• Bring any previous mammogram images, if available, to help your doctor compare past and current results.

What to Expect During the Mammogram

The mammogram process involves these steps: (3)

• You will remove your top and wear a medical gown.
• Each breast will be placed inside a mammogram machine, which gently compresses the breast for 20-30 seconds while taking X-ray images.
• The imaging itself takes just a few seconds per breast.

While the actual screening lasts only very few minutes, the entire appointment — including preparation, explanation, and the procedure—may take around 30 minutes.

Understanding Mammogram Results

After your mammogram, you will receive a report that classifies the findings using the BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System), a globally recognized system for interpreting mammogram results. (4)

How Will Your Results Appear?

Your report will include the term “BI-RADS” followed by a number (ranging from 0 to 6).

What to do after receiving your result?

If your result is BI-RADS 1 or 2, continue your regular mammogram screenings as recommended. If your result is BI-RADS 3 or higher, your doctor will discuss the best next steps, which may include additional imaging or a biopsy.

Do not worry if you do not understand all medical terms in your report —your doctor wil explain everything clearly and simply.

Is a Mammogram Painful?

Some women may feel mild discomfort or slight pain during a mammogram due to the pressure applied to the breast to obtain clear images. However, this pressure only lasts for a few seconds per image. (3)

Are There Risks of Having a Mammogram?

Mammograms are very safe and play a crucial role in early breast cancer detection. The benefits far outweigh any potential risks. The test uses a very low dose of radiation, and the associated risks are extremely minimal. (2)

Prioritize Your Health Today! Schedule your mammogram in Dr. Soliman Fakeeh hospital to benefit from the latest technology for safe and accurate screening.

References

1.  CDC - About Mammograms | Breast Cancer
2. Cancer.gov - Mammograms Fact Sheet
3. Radiologyinfo - Mammography (Mammogram): Early detection of breast disease.
4. American Cancer Society - Understanding Your Mammogram Report
5. American Cancer Society - Survival Rates for Breast Cancer