Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition that affects women of reproductive age, causing a hormonal imbalance in their bodies. As a result, women with PCOS may experience one or more of the following symptoms: (1)

1. Irregular menstrual cycles.
2. Excessive unwanted hair growth.
3. Acne breakouts.
4. Fertility issues.

How is PCOS Treated?

PCOS treatment primarily focuses on weight loss and lifestyle changes. Additionally, doctors may prescribe medications based on the specific symptoms you are experiencing, such as birth control pills to regulate your menstrual cycle or metformin (Glucophage) to manage insulin resistance, if present.

1. Weight Loss and Lifestyle Changes

If you are overweight, losing weight is a crucial part of managing PCOS. Even a modest weight loss of 5-10% of your body weight can significantly improve many symptoms by helping to balance hormones, regulate menstrual cycles, and increase your chances of conception.

Weight loss also reduces insulin resistance, which lowers the risk of developing diabetes and heart disease. Furthermore, symptoms such as acne and excessive hair growth may improve significantly.

To achieve weight loss effectively, lifestyle changes should include:  (1)

• Following a healthy, balanced, and low-sugar diet.
• Engaging in regular physical activity.

2. Medications for PCOS

Choosing the right medication for PCOS is key to managing its symptoms effectively. Your doctor may prescribe treatments based on your specific condition, such as: (2)

• Birth Control Pills:
  
  • The first-line treatment to regulate menstrual cycles for women, including teenagers.
  • Helps reduce symptoms of high androgen (male hormone) levels, such as acne and excessive hair growth.
  • Are they safe?
    
    • Yes, birth control pills are safe for use, even for teenagers, when prescribed after a medical assessment.
    • They help regulate hormones and do not affect future fertility once discontinued.

• Metformin (Glucophage):
  
  • Used to improve insulin resistance and boost metabolism.
  • Some women may experience improved ovulation and menstrual regularity while using metformin.

• Anti-Androgen Medications (e.g., Spironolactone):
  
  • These medications help reduce symptoms related to high androgen levels, such as unwanted hair growth.
  • They should be avoided during pregnancy or when planning to conceive due to potential effects on the fetus.
  • Anti-androgen drugs are mainly used when birth control pills are not an option or if they do not provide the desired results after at least six months of use.

• Fertility Medications (Ovulation induction medications):
  
  • For women facing difficulty in conceiving, doctors may prescribe medications such as Clomiphene to stimulate ovulation.

3. Inositol Supplements

Recent studies highlight the potential benefits of natural supplements like inositol for managing PCOS. (3)

• Inositol is considered one of the best natural remedies for PCOS.
• It is naturally found in foods such as whole grains and citrus fruits; however, to achieve therapeutic benefits, it must be taken in supplement form at the correct dosage.
• Inositol supplements help improve insulin sensitivity, aid in weight management, and regulate menstrual cycles.
• The most effective formula combines two types of inositol:
  
  • Myo-Inositol (MYO) and D-Chiro-Inositol (D-CHIRO), with a recommended daily dose of 4000 mg of MYO and 100 mg of D-CHIRO.
• Results typically become noticeable within three months, and inositol is generally safe with no reported side effects.
• However, individual responses may vary.

4. Surgical Treatment

As a last resort, if lifestyle changes and medications fail to improve ovulation, laparoscopic ovarian drilling may be considered. (4)

• This procedure involves removing or destroying small portions of ovarian tissue using laser or electrocautery, which can help restore ovulation.
• While effective for some women, it carries risks, such as reducing the ovarian reserve (number of eggs), so it should only be performed under medical supervision and with caution.

Conclusion

PCOS is a common condition that requires a comprehensive management approach, including lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet and regular exercise, in addition to appropriate medical treatments based on individual symptoms.

Taking early action to manage PCOS can significantly improve your quality of life in the long run.

Our expert Gynecology team is here to provide you with an accurate diagnosis and an effective personalized treatment plan. Schedule a consultation now.

References

1. NICHD - What are the treatments for PCOS?
2. Australian Prescriber - Pharmacological management of polycystic ovary syndrome‍
3. PubMed - Inositol Treatment for PCOS Should Be Science-Based and Not Arbitrary