Colon cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, it ranks as the second most common cancer among men and the third among women. This has led to an increased focus on regular screenings to detect colon cancer early, with colonoscopy being the preferred method. (1)

How Does a Colonoscopy Help Prevent Cancer?

Colorectal cancer almost always develops from precancerous polyps, regular screening allows for the identification and removal of these polyps before they can turn into cancer. Additionally, If cancer is already present, colonoscopies can detect it in its early stages.  (2)

Colonoscopy is considered the most accurate preventive screening test; since it allows doctors to visually inspect the entire colon and rectum, in order to detect then at once remove benign polyps, if any, through the scope. (3)

Who Needs Screening?

The American Cancer Society recommends starting colonoscopy screening at age 45, with a repeat every 10 years if the initial result is normal. (4)

However, if you have a family history of colon cancer or other risk factors, you may need to begin screening before age 45 and do it more frequently. Risk factors include: (4)

• Family or personal history of colon cancer or polyps.
• Chronic inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.
• Family history of hereditary conditions like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome.
• Previous radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvis for cancer treatment.

If you are between 76 and 85 years old, consult your doctor to determine whether you should continue colonoscopy screenings. After age 85, colonoscopy is generally no longer recommended. (4)

Preparing for a Colonoscopy

Before the procedure, you must follow your doctor's instructions carefully to ensure your colon is completely empty: (5)

• 1-3 Days Before: Your doctor may recommend a light diet based on soft, easily digestible foods like boiled white rice, grilled chicken, boiled vegetables, and eggs.
• The Day Before the Colonoscopy: Stop eating solid foods and switch to clear liquids only that are neither red nor orange, such as:some text
  • Clear water
  • Clear soups and juices
  • Clear jelly
  • Coffee and tea without milk or creamers.
• Fasting From The Night Before: Follow your doctor's instructions regarding fasting.
• Laxatives and stool softeners: Take these as directed by your doctor to completely empty your colon.
• Medications: If you are taking any chronic medications, inform your doctor and ask whether you should stop or continue them before the colonoscopy.

How is a Colonoscopy Done?

it takes about 15 minutes, (3) and involves the following steps: (6)

• You will be given light sedation to help you feel relaxed and comfortable.
• You will lie on your left side on the examination table.
• The doctor will insert a thin tube with a small camera through your rectum to examine the entire colon and rectum.
• If the doctor notices any abnormal areas, they may take a biopsy microscopic examination.
• Once the procedure is complete, the scope is removed.

Does a Colonoscopy Hurt?

Patients typically do not experience severe pain during the procedure due to sedation but may feel some discomfort or cramping. Pain relievers are given to ease any discomfort. (6)

Risks and Side Effects of a Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy is generally a safe procedure, with the most common side effects being bloating and gas after the procedure because of the air used to inflate the colon during examination.

However, there are some rare potential risks, such as: (3)

• Bleeding.
• Perforation.
• Infection.
• Reactions to anesthesia.

At Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, we use the latest medical technologies to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, with a highly experienced medical team and a comfortable, reassuring environment. Book your colonoscopy appointment now at the Gastroenterology Department.

References

1. Chronic Disease - Colorectal Cancer, MOH - Saudi Arabia
2. Screening for Colorectal Cancer, CDC
3. Colonoscopy: Prep & Procedure Details, Cleveland Clinic
4. Colorectal Cancer Guideline | How Often to Have Screening Tests, American Cancer Society
5. Colonoscopy, NIDDK
6. Colonoscopy, MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia