Chronic kidney disease (CKD), occurs when the kidneys gradually lose their ability to function properly. Over time, this condition can worsen, but with the right medical care and lifestyle adjustments, its progression can be slowed.

The two most common causes of kidney failure are high blood pressure and diabetes. Other contributing factors include cardiovascular diseases, certain autoimmune diseases, hereditary kidney disorders, chronic kidney infections and chronic urinary obstructions.

Additional risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing kidney disease, include: (1)(2)

• Obesity
• Advancing age
• A family history of kidney disease
• Long-term use of medications that may harm the kidneys

Signs of Decreased Kidney Function

Kidney function often declines gradually, and in many cases, there are no noticeable symptoms until the disease has reached an advanced and irreversible stage. Some common signs of decreased kidney function include: (2)(3)

• Fatigue and general weakness: Caused by the buildup of toxins in the body.
• Changes in urination: You may notice an increase or decrease in the frequency or volume of urination, along with darker or foamy urine.
• Fluid retention: Swelling in the feet and ankles due to the kidneys’ inability to eliminate excess fluids.
• Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite: A result of accumulated toxins.
• Painful muscle cramps: Due to imbalances in potassium, sodium, and calcium levels.
• High blood pressure: Since the kidneys play a key role in regulating blood pressure.‍
• Shortness of breath: Caused by fluid buildup in the lungs.‍
• Other symptoms: Dry, itchy skin, difficulty sleeping, and trouble concentrating.

Important Note: If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to consult a specialist—especially if you have diabetes or high blood pressure, as these are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease. Early diagnosis can help slow disease progression.

How to Prevent Decreased Kidney Function?

Maintaining healthy kidney function requires a healthy lifestyle + regular kidney function testing for early detection of any decline. 

Here are some key preventive measures: (2)(4)

1. Manage Blood Sugar and Blood Pressure Effectively

For individuals with diabetes or high blood pressure, keeping these conditions under control is essential to prevent kidney damage. Regularly monitor your readings and ensure they stay within the range recommended by your doctor.

2. Follow a Healthy Diet and Stay Active

By ensuring to reduce salt intake, drinking enough water, eating plenty of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and limiting saturated fats and processed foods.

3. Maintain a Healthy Weight

Obesity increases the risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease—all of which are major contributors to kidney disease.

4. Use Medications Responsibly

Misuse or overuse of certain medications, particularly painkillers, can harm the kidneys. Always follow your doctor’s instructions when taking any medication.

5. Avoid Smoking

Smoking narrows blood vessels, which can reduce blood flow to the kidneys and impair their function.

6. Get Routine Kidney Function Tests

Routine testing is especially important if you have chronic conditions or a family history of kidney disease, as early detection can help slow disease progression.

Take care of your kidney health and schedule your appointment today with our nephrology and urology specialists for peace of mind.

References

1. Clevelandclinic - Chronic Kidney Disease
2. Mayoclinic - Chronic kidney disease
3. Kidney - Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
4. Nhs - Chronic kidney disease - Prevention