Abdominal Pain in Children: Causes and When to Worry?

Abdominal pain is very common among children and is often caused by minor issues such as bloating, a viral infection, constipation, or hunger. However, it can sometimes indicate a more serious issue like appendicitis or food poisoning. It’s crucial to consult a doctor if the pain persists or is accompanied by worrisome symptoms such as persistent vomiting, fever, or loss of appetite.

Here’s an overview of common causes of abdominal pain in children and when to seek medical attention.

Causes of Abdominal Pain in Children

Here are some of the most common causes of abdominal pain in children: (1)(2)

1. Indigestion

• Description: Causes discomfort or uneasiness in the upper abdomen, with pain or burning between the chest and navel, or mild bloating.
• Management: Indigestion usually resolves on its own, encourage small meals and slow eating.

2. Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu)

• Description: A very common condition, its symptoms include abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, fever, nausea, and vomiting. It is most commonly caused by a viral infection that resolves within a few days. However it could also be caused by other microbes such as bacteria and parasites which might last longer or require specific treatment. 
• Management: Most cases can be managed at home with proper hydration and rest. However, you should see a doctor if fever exceeds 38.5°C, blood appears in the stool, the pain is severe or persistent, the child appears very fatigued and unable to drink fluids.

3. Constipation

• Description: A frequent issue in children, characterized by abdominal pain or bloating, particularly in the lower abdomen, accompanied by difficulty passing stool.
• Management: Increase water intake and provide a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber.

4. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

• Description: Relatively common, especially in young girls, it may cause abdominal pain, bladder discomfort, and pain or burning during urination.
• Management: If a UTI is suspected, it is essential to seek medical advice. A doctor will typically recommend a urinalysis and urine culture to confirm the diagnosis and identify the specific bacteria causing the infection. Once confirmed, UTIs are easily treated with a prescribed antibiotic. 

5. Lactose Intolerance or Milk Allergy

• Description:some text
  • Lactose Intolerance: Difficulty digesting lactose, leading to abdominal pain, bloating, and gas.
  • Milk Allergy: An allergic reaction to milk proteins, causing digestive symptoms like pain, vomiting, diarrhea, along with rash or other allergic signs.
• Management: Consult a doctor or allergist to identify and manage the issue.

6. Stress and Psychological Pressure

• Description: If a child is experiencing stress at home or school without symptoms like fever or diarrhea, the pain may be stress-related.
• Management: Talk to the child to understand their feelings and address any stressful circumstances.

7. Appendicitis

• Description: Causes sudden pain that begins near the navel and shifts to the lower right abdomen, worsening with coughing, movement, or sudden actions. The pain often becomes severe.
• Management: Go to the ER immediately if these signs are present.

8. Celiac Disease

• Description: An autoimmune reaction to gluten (found in wheat, barley, and oats), causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloating. It can damage the intestinal lining.
• Management: Consult a doctor for diagnosis and follow a strict gluten-free diet.

9. Intestinal Obstruction

• Description: A serious condition caused by adhesions, twisting of the intestines, narrowing, or ingestion of foreign objects. Symptoms include:some text
  • Intermittent abdominal pain near or below the navel.
  • Constipation or inability to pass stool.
  • Inability to pass gas.
  • Vomiting.
• Management: Seek emergency care immediately if these symptoms occur.

When Is Abdominal Pain Concerning?

While most cases are minor, consult a doctor or visit the ER if your child experiences any of the following: (3)

• No improvement within 24-48 hours.
• Severe pain causing intense crying.
• Blood in the stool.
• Vomiting green fluid or blood.
• Pain in the lower right abdomen (indicative of appendicitis).
• Recurrent abdominal pain.
• High fever.
• Unusual lethargy or sleepiness.
• Rash, dizziness, or facial swelling (allergy symptoms).
• UTI symptoms.
• Unexplained weight loss, which could indicate a chronic issue.

At Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, our pediatric department is committed to providing The best care for your child, from routine check-ups to urgent medical needs. Schedule an appointment or visit us to ensure your child’s health and safety.

References

1. Mayoclinic Health System - Stomachache in children: How to know if it's serious
2. HealthyChildren - Abdominal Pain in Children: 7 Possible Causes
3. Harvard Health Publishing - 10 signs that a child's stomachache could be something serious