Labyrinthitis is a condition caused by inflammation of the inner ear, which is responsible for both hearing and balance. That's why one of the most prominent symptoms of this condition is vertigo and loss of balance. (1)

The condition is often caused by a viral infection and, less commonly, a bacterial infection. Typically resolving on its own within a few weeks, without requiring antibiotic treatment. However, doctors prescribe medications to manage symptoms until the inflammation subsides. (2)

Symptoms

Symptoms of inner ear infections can include: (3)

• Loss of balance.
• Vertigo (a sensation that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving).
• Dizziness.
• Hearing loss in one ear.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• A feeling of fullness in the ear.
• Ringing in the ear (tinnitus).

Seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of inner ear infection, particularly dizziness and loss of balance or hearing loss. (4)

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Causes

Inner ear infections are typically caused by viral or bacterial inflammation. Common causes include: (4)

• Colds and flu.
• Infections in other parts of the ear (e.g., middle ear infections).
• Allergies.
• Side effects of certain medications.

Risk Factors

Certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing an inner ear infection: (4)

• Recent viral infections in the respiratory system or ear.
• General weakness.
• Smoking.
• Stress.
• Allergies.
• Use of medications that affect the inner ear.

Diagnosis

A doctor typically diagnoses an inner ear infection by reviewing your symptoms and performing a physical examination. (This may involve moving your head or body in specific ways to observe symptoms like dizziness or balance problems). (5)

In most cases, the diagnosis can be made based on symptoms alone, without the need for additional tests. However, if the diagnosis is uncertain or if other conditions are suspected, further testing might be recommended, such as:

• Imaging tests.
• Hearing test.

Treatment

Treatment of Inner Ear Infection depends on its cause: (3)

• Viral infections: The most common cause, these typically resolve on their own within a few weeks to two months as the body fights off the infection and inflammation subsides.
• Bacterial infections: Less common, these require antibiotics to prevent permanent damage to the inner ear and hearing.

Medications to manage symptoms are prescribed based on the specific symptoms present, and may include:

• Antihistamines: To manage dizziness.
• Anti-nausea medications.
• Pain relievers: Such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
• Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation.

FAQs

Does an Inner Ear Infection Heal Completely?

Most cases resolve completely with proper medical management. However, some individuals may experience lingering symptoms like mild dizziness or slight balance issues. 

These symptoms can improve over time with vestibular rehabilitation therapy, which involves exercises designed to restore balance under the supervision of a physical therapist or audiologist. (2)

What Are Home Remedies for Symptom Relief?

In addition to medical treatments, certain home remedies can help alleviate symptoms while the condition heals: (2)

• Resting in a dark, quiet room when feeling dizzy.
• Focusing your eyes on a fixed point if dizziness occurs outdoors and lying down is not an option.
• Drinking plenty of water to combat nausea.
• Avoiding loud noises and bright lights.
• Ensuring sufficient sleep.

Can it Be Prevented?

Inner ear infections themselves cannot always be prevented, but steps can be taken to reduce the risk of triggers like respiratory infections, including: (4)

• Practicing good hygiene.
• Managing allergies.
• Avoiding close contact with individuals who have colds or flu.

Is it Contagious?

The inner ear infection itself is not contagious, but the underlying causes, such as colds or flu, can spread from person to person. (3)

References

1. Sciencedirect - Otitis Interna
2. NHS - Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis
3. Clevelandclinic - Inner Ear Infection (Otitis Interna)
4. Medlineplus - Labyrinthitis‍
5. Nhsinform - Labyrinthitis